The Christian Social Union was an organisation within the Church of England devoted to the study of social conditions and the remedying of social injustice, which flourished in the latter part of the nineteenth century and continued into the early twentieth. Its origins lay in the writings of F.D. Maurice, onetime professor of Theology at London University, Charles Kingsley and J. M. F. Ludlow. It became attached to the Oxford Movement through the work of slum priests. Its leaders included Henry Scott Holland, dean of St. Pauls and, briefly William Temple, later Archbishop of Canterbury (1942–44).
The Christian Socialist Union merged in 1919 with the Navvy Mission to form Industrial Christian Fellowship. ICF continues to develop issues of social justice, business ethics etc.